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1. A. Mohamed, R. Faisal, A. Al-Gindy, and K. Shaalan, “Artificial intelligence and immersive technologies: Virtual assistants in AR/VR for special needs learners,” Computers, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 306, 2025. doi: 10.3390/computers14080306
2. A. M. Basiouni, M. E. Rashid, and K. Shaalan, “In-context learning in large language models (LLMs): Mechanisms, capabilities, and implications for advanced knowledge representation and reasoning,” IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 95574–95593, 2025. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3575303
3. M. Chabane, F. Harrag, and K. Shaalan, “Advancing low-resource dialect identification: A hybrid cross-lingual model leveraging CAMeLBERT and FastText for Algerian Arabic,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 284, 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127816
4. H. Himdi, F. Alhayan, and K. Shaalan, “Neural networks and sentiment features for extremist content detection in Arabic social,” Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol. (IAJIT), vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 522–534, May 2025. doi: 10.34028/iajit/22/3/8
5. M. Salem and K. Shaalan, “Unlocking the power of machine learning in E-learning: A comprehensive review of predictive models for student performance and engagement,” Educ. Inf. Technol., 2025. doi: 10.1007/s10639-025-13526-4
6. A. Boutadjine, F. Harrag, and K. Shaalan, “Human vs. machine: A comparative study on the detection of AI-generated content,” ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1–26, 2025. doi: 10.1145/3708889
7. U. J. Butt, O. Hussien, K. Hasanaj, K. Shaalan, B. Hassan, and H. Al-Khateeb, “Predicting the impact of data poisoning attacks in blockchain-enabled supply chain networks,” Algorithms, vol. 16, no. 12, p. 549, 2023. doi: 10.3390/a16120549
8. S. Jain, H. K. Tripathy, S. Mallik, H. Qin, Y. Shaalan, and K. Shaalan, “Autism detection of MRI brain images using hybrid deep CNN with DM-Resnet classifier,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 117741–117751, 2023. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3325701
9. T. Osman, K. Hussein, M. Miltan, K. Shaalan, and R. Alfrjani, “Exploiting functional discourse grammar to enhance complex Arabic relation extraction using a hybrid semantic knowledge base–machine learning approach,” ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process., vol. 22, no. 8, Art. no. 214, pp. 1–30, 2023. doi: 10.1145/3610581
10. S. Salloum, T. Gaber, S. Vadera, and K. Shaalan, “A new English/Arabic parallel corpus for phishing emails,” ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process., vol. 22, no. 7, pp 2375-4699, 2023. doi: 10.1145/3606031
11. A. Wahdan, M. Al-Emran, and K. Shaalan, “A systematic review of Arabic text classification: Areas, applications, and future directions,” Soft Comput., vol. 28, pp. 545–1566, 2023. doi: 10.1007/s00500-023-08384-6
12. R. Al-Maroof, S. Salloum, A. Hassanien, and K. Shaalan, “Fear from COVID-19 and technology adoption: The impact of Google Meet during coronavirus pandemic,” Interact. Learn. Environ., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1293–1308, 2023. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2020.1830121
13. A. Almansoori, M. Al-Emran, and K. Shaalan, “Exploring the frontiers of cybersecurity behavior: A systematic review of studies and theories,” Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 9, p. 5700, 2023. doi: 10.3390/app13095700
14. A. AlSereidi, S. Q. M. Salih, R. T. Mohammed, A. A. Zaidan, H. Albayati, D. Pamucar, A. S. Albahri, B. B. Zaidan, K. Shaalan, J. Al-Obaidi, O. S. Albahri, A. Alamoodi, N. Abdul Majid, S. Garfan, M. S. Al-Samarraay, A. N. Jasim, and M. J. Baqer, “Novel federated decision making for distribution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody to eligible high-risk patients,” Int. J. Inf. Technol. Decis. Mak., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 197–268, 2024 doi: 10.1142/S021962202250050X
15. A. AlQudah, M. Al-Emran, and K. Shaalan, “Medical data integration using HL7 standards for patient’s early identification,” PLoS ONE, vol. 16, no. 12, p. e0262067, 2021. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262067
16. F. Alattar and K. Shaalan, “Using artificial intelligence to understand what causes sentiment changes on social media,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 61756–61767, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3073657
17. A. Ahmed, S. Toral, K. Shaalan, and Y. Hifny, “Agent productivity modeling in a call center domain using attentive convolutional neural networks,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 19, p. 5489, 2020. doi: 10.3390/s20195489
18. D. Pavithran, K. Shaalan, J. Al-Karaki, and A. Gawanmeh, “Towards building a blockchain framework for IoT,” Clust. Comput., vol. 23, pp. 2089–2103, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10586-020-03059-5
19. F. Alattar and K. Shaalan, “A survey on opinion reason mining and interpreting sentiment variations,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 39636–39655, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3063921
20. M. Alkhatib, A. El Barachi, A. AleAhmad, F. Oroumchian, and K. Shaalan, “A sentiment reporting framework for major city events: Case study on the China–United States trade war,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 264, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121426
21. M. Juma, A. Abdel Monem, and K. Shaalan, “Hybrid end-to-end VPN security approach for smart IoT objects,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 158, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102598
22. D. Pavithran, K. Shaalan, J. Al-Karaki, and A. Gawanmeh, “Towards building a blockchain framework for IoT,” Clust. Comput., vol. 23, pp. 2089–2103, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10586-020-03059-5
23. S. Alsheikh, K. Shaalan, and F. Meziane, “Exploring the effects of consumers’ trust: A predictive model for satisfying buyers’ expectations based on sellers’ behavior in the marketplace,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 73357–73372, 2019. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2917999
24. M. Khalifa and K. Shaalan, “Character convolutions for Arabic named entity recognition with long short-term memory networks,” Comput. Speech Lang., vol. 58, pp. 335–346, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.csl.2019.05.003
25. A. B. Nassif, I. Shahin, I. Attili, M. Azzeh, and K. Shaalan, “Speech recognition using deep neural networks: A systematic review,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 19143–19165, 2019. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2896880